Space Warp is not for Dummies:  A Three Part Essay

by

Steve Snodgrass

President, Omaha UFO Study Group

Communications and Technical Support, Space Warp Dynamics, LLC

October 18, 2014

PART I

 I’m talking space warp – theoretical, actual and real – right here in Omaha.  For those not scientifically minded, you already know what I’m talking about.  You really do.  But I’d like to try and explain it as best I can.

 WHAT WE MEAN BY ‘SPACE’

When we hear terms like the “fabric of space”, what it means is that any physical object (anything that has mass) behaves as if it has been placed on a tight piece of fabric.  Any object placed on a tight sheet of fabric stretches the fabric.  How much the fabric is stretched depends on how heavy or dense the object is - how much the object weighs, or more precisely, how much mass it has.  The more mass (the more massive) then the more the fabric gets stretched. 

 Imagine yourself sitting on a trampoline.  (Okay, imagine me on a trampoline if that makes you more comfortable.)  If you roll a ball toward where I’m sitting it will come right toward me and accelerate until it hits me.  If you try to roll the ball past me, it will curve toward me as it passes by me or gets captured in what you could call my “orbit” on the fabric of the trampoline, in which case it will circle around and around me until it finally hits me. 

 Large physical objects, like the sun or planets, bend light in the same way as this ball curves and changes direction when it’s in my vicinity.  But instead of trampoline fabric, objects that have mass are seated on an imaginary fabric we call “space” or what is called “fabric of space” (only because it resembles actual fabric so closely). We call this tendency for objects to attract each other “gravity” and the force is so strong and obvious that we call it a “force” – the “force of gravity”.  The force of gravity brings the ball toward me when I’m sitting on a trampoline, in the same way gravity allows you to trip and fall to the ground so gracefully.  We think it’s a strong force, but it’s actually the weakest of the four known forces.

 For almost 100 years ago we have known that mass bends light toward it in the same way the ball rolls toward me.  Einstein first came up with the idea in 1912 and the first evidence of it came in 1919 when Sir Arthur Eddington and Frank Watson Dyson observed, during a solar eclipse, that light from stars passing close to the Sun was slightly bent, so that stars appeared slightly out of position.  No doubt you’ve heard descriptions of black holes that are so dense that not even light can escape it?  That’s the deal. 

 One reason this is so interesting is that we still don’t know if light (photons) have any mass at all. 

 WHAT WE MEAN BY ‘WARP’

Warp means what you think it means; bent, twisted, or distorted just like a piece of wood that is warped (or a person’s mind is warped).  When we say “warping space” we already know that space is warped based on the description of space above.  Space is all bent and twisted because of all the physical objects out there, like you and me.  We are both warping space right now, ever so slightly.

 When I use the term space warp, however, I’m not talking about the space around us that is already twisted and warped.  I’m talking about warping space on purpose - doing it on purpose – warping space on purpose, with technology.  So when I say “space warp” I mean warping space deliberately, artificially, with some kind of device.  To do that, there is only one of the other three known forces we can possibly use at this point.  Electromagnetism.  That’s what the Space Warp Dynamics team is exploring with laboratory experiments.  But before I go there, I need to introduce another important term.

 WHAT DO WE MEAN BY ‘FIELD’

You already know about this, too.  A field is just what you think it is.  It is a designated region of open space, like a cornfield or a wheat field or a soybean field.  A field is an area of space set aside over which there is some kind of influence.  In the case of farming, the influence on the field is the farmer’s growing crops on the field.  At the edge of their section there is another field over which they have no influence, unless they own that field, too.

 Now take that field knowledge and apply it to the term gravity.  Remember gravity is a force that attracts objects together that have mass.  A gravitational field is just an area described over which a massive object has influence on an area of space that has objects in it.  I have a larger gravitational field than my two girls because I have more mass.  I might not be massive enough (at least I hope not) to bend light around me like a planet or the sun, but I can and do bend space around me. 

 If I were shaped like a planet or the sun, the field of space around me you could call my sphere of influence, and my gravitational field would be shaped like a sphere.  The difference between a farmer’s field and a gravitational field is that the influence of gravity extends way, way out – infinite as far as we know.  The farther out away from the field the less influence gravity has.  The closer and the more massive the object, the stronger the field is felt.  In fact, we can call a planet a ‘gravity well’ insofar as objects drop very far very quickly toward it and have difficulty escaping.

 MAGNETS

Now let’s take the term magnet and apply it to the word field, as in magnetic field.  A magnet is a piece of iron or other material that has its component atoms so ordered that is exhibits properties of magnetism, which just means it attracts other iron-containing objects or aligns itself in an external magnetic field.  You already know what a magnet is and what it does.  A magnet has a north pole and a south pole.  The positive end of a magnet is attracted to the negative end of another magnet.  It is also attracted to the negative end of itself.  But the field looks completely different than a gravity field.  Like gravity, you can’t see it.  You can see the effect it has so you know it’s there, but it’s not shaped like a sphere.  If you shave some iron filings onto a magnet you can see what it looks like.  One problem is that you can only do this at home on a flat surface.  The influence of a magnetic field actually looks like a donut with the positive shooting out the top, then arcing all the way back to the bottom and coming up underneath as negative.  It’s called a torus, a toroidal shaped field. 

 One reason we call the top of the Earth the North Pole and the bottom the South Pole is that the Earth is one big magnet.  It has an iron core, and it spins.  When it spins, we believe, a magnetic field is created.  This force is called electromagnetism because electricity is a phenomenon associated with the flow of a charge.  You can tell which end of a magnet is the north pole and which is the south pole.  A simple rule is the thumbs up or right hand rule.  If you make a fist with your right hand and give a thumbs up, the direction of your thumb points to the north pole and your curved fingers represent the spin, counterclockwise.  The Earth rotates from west to east, counterclockwise, just as your fingers in your right fist curve counterclockwise. 

 SIDEBAR

When you hold a compass, the end that points to north is actually the negative side because the negative side is attracted to the positive north.  So we call this magnetic north.  Also, the Earth is tilted about 11 degrees, so this is why a compass doesn’t actually point straight to the north pole.  It points to magnetic north.

 THEORETICAL…THEORETICAL

The point is both gravity and electromagnetism forces have, as far as we know, infinite influence and they both operate in a field.  That is, they have a sphere of influence, except in the case of gravity the ideal shape of the field is that of a sphere (or donut hole), whereas the ideal shape of a magnetic field is like a donut.  So let’s put this all together.

 The Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre wrote a paper in 1994 proposing a theoretical ‘warp drive’ which, again theoretically, could compress or contract (tighten up) the fabric of space in front of a spacecraft and expand (loosen the fabric) of space behind it.  Inside the spacecraft, in a volume of flat space inside a “bubble” of curved space, such a craft would not move, but would be placed in motion at an equivalent velocity.  It would not violate any rule that says anything with mass can’t travel faster than the speed of light, since the object would not actually move.  Rather, it would traverse a distance based on the amount/intensity of the bubble.  The object in space doesn’t move.  Space moves around the object.  The size of this bubble we can call a warp field in the same sense we have discussed a gravity field or magnetic field insofar as by the word “field,” we are just describing a region, a volume of space in this case.

 Like all theoretical “discoveries” this one was met with immediate skepticism in terms of the amount of power needed to create such a field.  Some of the first estimates came in at the power of all matter/energy of the universe.  Then it got scaled down to just the amount of matter/energy from a planet the size of Jupiter.  Coincidentally, As NASA has recently funded more theoretical work, the power estimates needed by the chief investigator have now been scaled down to the matter/energy in the atoms that make up the size of the Voyager spacecraft.  It’s strange how funding can do such a thing.

 Last year NASA started funding a person-who-shall-not-be-named scientist who has done a most excellent job of raising interest in the subject.  Partly, I believe, because people want it a lot and partly because he’s a good salesman.  Unfortunately for going on two years now all we’ve gotten are a bunch of artists renderings of what the craft might look like.  The spacecraft looks really cool as you might imagine, and coincidentally there is a big donut shaped structure through which this craft is supposed to fly through or carry along with it.  But all we have from all the public speaking tours is a drawing and some nice video depicting how cool it would look.  Oh, and a couple really expensive seismically insulated laboratory tables and laser interferometers that have yet to demonstrate that space warp works.  Most of the time spent, admittedly, is in writing out equations and programming computer software.

 FIRST QUESTION

In conclusion to Part I, I have some rather simple, but lengthy questions.  What if I were to tell you that artificially induced space warp was demonstrated on May 20, 2013; not theoretically but in a laboratory of a UNO professor’s garage near Aksarben field in Omaha, yards away the location of the first landing of US Postal Air Mail and the location of the now forgotten innovative technology contained in the development of an aircraft known as the Bluebird? 

 SECOND QUESTION

What if I were to tell you that this discovery did not require millions of taxpayer dollars resulting in some artists renderings but was self-funded for approximately the cost of a garden tractor and that about $80,000 (the cost of a nicely equipped Jaguar XF) is needed to demonstrate space warp in a test craft unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that measures 7 feet by 7 feet?

 THIRD QUESTION

What if I were to tell you this was only the first of many developments of what can now be called a space warp motor; a motor that works and at low power levels available to you in any outlet in your home?

 FOURTH QUESTION

What if I were to tell you, (as a comparison to NASA’s Dawn spacecraft which uses an Ion drive engine to reach 26,700mph using 666 watts of power over a period of 5 years), that the same projections have been made based on this warp motor design to reach an equivalent velocity of 3 million miles per hour using only100 watts of power, and an equivalent velocity of 37 million mph could be reached on 1,000 watts of power?

 FIFTH, SIXTH AND SEVENTH QUESTIONS

Are you interested?  Would you like to see what this UAV looks like?  Would it be worth $5 or $10 to be a part of it?  Google ‘Space Warp Dynamics LLC’.

 Or wait for Part II.

 PART II

 This is Part II of a note describing my interest and involvement in space warp and the newly formed company Space Warp Dynamics, LLC.

 My responsibilities in this project include those related to communications and technical support. This means that I attempt to assist in conveying the ideas behind the discovery of space warp technology both internally and externally.  Externally, I try to notice the challenges in communicating the concepts and the potential of this idea without techno-jargon and new-agey language.  Scientific language can be used carelessly in describing something you really don't understand, or excessively by overdoing it, numbing the audience into assuming you are to be trusted because you use big, technical words.  Using plain language and comparisons to convey either simple or complex ideas is part of my role in the editing of written descriptions of experiments performed in the laboratory that are made available to the public.  That’s what I was trying to do in Part I.

 Internally, I try to help the Space Warp Dynamics team tolerate the frustration of advancing their discoveries to the media and general public.  The entire team appreciates and understands skepticism, the gauntlet known as the peer review process, and the difficulty of getting even minor acceptance from a distracted and preoccupied culture of immediate gratification and sound bites.  

 The public often has a split-sensed attitude toward science these days.  If a scientific idea conforms to one's worldview and helps you make a point, often the science is not questioned at all.  It is heralded as positive proof that you are correct.  On the other hand if the science does not conform to one's worldview, or contradicts it, then a conclusion is reached that the science must be wrong, questioned and presumed guilty of fraud or bias.  Finally, amidst this split-sense are the generally incurious.  If the science won't make a difference in putting dinner on the table, paying my bills or making my life easier, then it really doesn't matter.

 In Part II I’d like to lay out my best description of the experiments in space warp by Space Warp Dynamics, LLC and Dave Pares.

FLYING THROUGH A DONUT HOLE WON’T WORK

Part I concluded with seven questions I posed to you, which followed a description of the theoretical work of a person-who-shall-not-be-named scientist funded by NASA.  The idea this guy seems to have is to power up a donut shaped hole of a magnetic field with a whole bunch of exotic power (negative vacuum energy) and then punch the craft through the thing.  In other words, create a warp bubble by compressing the fabric of space in front of the craft and expand space behind the craft, effectively shooting the craft out the barrel of a gun, careening it through space.  Or, perhaps as the picture suggests, somehow bring the barrel of the gun with you and keep shooting as you go.  Apparently we’re going to use little thrusters to maneuver in regular space before we punch it by hitting the warp drive.

 This is not going to work.  Not only have there been no laboratory demonstrations by this NASA-funded scientist that artificial space warp even exists, but the problems associated with having no axial control over the craft as it blasts (or keeps blasting) itself from point A to point B has all sorts of problem with being able to return or recover the craft from across the solar system, even if it partially works.  We need something that works a little closer to home, with a little more control, and at least some experimental results from a laboratory before we design an actual spacecraft.  Instead, let’s see what the laboratory work produces in the form of a working motor of some kind, and THEN start designing a craft.  This is what Dave has done.

 1.21 JIGGAWATTS

If the main problem with artificial space warp is sufficient power, then we could go back to looking at electromagnetic power again.  Now, where is there a large amount of naturally occurring electric power?  If you answered thunderstorms, then you’re on the right track.  Lightning is an electrostatic discharge that in some ways is not well understood, at least in terms of the path it might take through the air.  But in all the ways that count for space warp, we know enough about thunderstorms and lightning that can help us. 

 There are these things known as ions.  Ions are atoms or molecules that have a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.   All these little ions have a net electric charge that is either be positive or negative.  Positive attracts negative, negative attracts positive. The reason lightning occurs, it is thought, is energy transferred from an area with a whole bunch of negatively charged ions finding their way to an area with a whole bunch of positively charged ions. 

 Imagine a huge thunderstorm cloud.  The top part of the cloud in one example looks like a big magnet, with all the positive ions on the top and negative ions toward the bottom.  Lighting would travel between the top of the cloud (+) and the bottom of the cloud (-) in this example.  If the cloud itself was composed of all negative ions and an area of the Earth had positive ions, lighting would then be discharged between the cloud and the Earth.  Or, a third example, if the positive and negative ions of a cloud were horizontal or if two clouds with positive and negative ions facing each other were to get close enough, then you might see horizontal, cloud-to-cloud lightning.

 Before I move on to tell an interesting story, I just want you to imagine the first example. There are two gigantic storm clouds about 50,000 feet high.  Each cloud has a top half and a bottom half.  The top half of each cloud has positive ions on the top and negative ions on the bottom.  Same thing with the lower half of each cloud.  So I want you to imagine these two sets of clouds as two columns of magnets and two rows of magnets that are set next to each other, four magnets altogether.  

 SIDEBAR

You could also think of two stacks each of two AA batteries set next to each other.  See poorly drawn diagram below.  Although AA batteries aren’t magnets, the clouds we’re imagining have the same configuration of positive and negative charges.  I’ll get to what the question mark (?) represents in just a moment.

 (+)         (+)

   I             I

   I             I

( - )         ( - )

         ?

 (+)         (+)

   I             I

   I             I

( - )         ( - )

 So the top and bottom of each cloud are positive and negative and air pressure is causing them to approach each other side to side.  Now you know what happens when you place to magnets together like this.  You have great difficulty moving them closer to each other.  In between these two magnets I’m going to call the “sweet spot” marked with a “?.”  This is where the most energy is being built up.  Now imagine these two clouds with magnetic fields (your AA batteries) were pumped full of terawatts of power.  Here’s the question as I tell the story.  Imagine you are a pilot.  What would happen if you flew between these two enormous clouds at the sweet spot?  Theoretically, you would get Ameer Abdullah AA Husker Power.

 BRUCE GERNON, CIRCA 1970    

Dave Pares, the chief investigator/member of Space Warp Dynamics describes how the idea for space warp came about based on stories of pilots traversing great distances in a short amount of time, most notably the flight of Bruce Gernon. Gernon got faced with a gigantic thunderstorm of clouds on his way from Bimini Island to Miami beach. He sees what's called a sucker hole (blue sky in a narrow passage on the other side of this gigantic storm of clouds). Gernon punches it and tries to fly through the hole. He and his other passengers experience a sort of hydroplaning, floating, weightless feeling as they pass through the opening, along with a kind of electronic fog attaching itself to the Cessna. 

 All the instruments in the plane get screwed up. In a matter of seconds Gernon and his passengers emerge from the storm, already with a story to tell.  Gernon, an experienced pilot, radios Bimini from where he just took off. He is surprised to hear over the radio that radar is now tracking him over Miami beach already, way ahead of schedule. In fact, when he lands, Gernon not only arrived way earlier than expected but he has 9 extra gallons of fuel than he should have had left on board.  If you do the math, this means Gernon would have had to traverse at least 80 miles in only a few seconds. There's no way he could have gone this fast for the entire trip or the wings on his Beechcraft would have been sheared off.

 SO WHAT HAPPENED TO BRUCE GERNON?

Dave believes it has everything to do with the thunderstorm configuration itself.   He relies on what the pilot and witnesses reported, after checking flight logs, fuel tickets.  He also does weather forensics for that day. One hypothesis is that the storm created an immense amount of energy focused at the sucker hole, which compressed the fabric of space around the plane. In other words, a bubble of warped space “moved” Bruce Gernon and the occupants of his plane like a surfer riding a wave.  Bruce may have entered a naturally occurring space warp bubble that projected him to a location 80 miles away in a matter of seconds.

 But in this case there wasn't a massive object bending space, like the sun or a planet.  There was immense electromagnetic power in this thunderstorm focused on the sweet spot (?) which happened to visually appear like a hole through the clouds.

 THEORETICAL WORK BEGINS

If this is what happened how could we find out? One way would be to look at what would happen when electrical fields in two thunderstorms approach each other. So, again, imagine each cloud in each thunderstorm is a magnet, the top of the cloud has positive charge and the bottom of the cloud has negative charge. The positive and negative ions in each top and bottom half of the two clouds are creating a third pole, the “sweet spot.”  What happens when you try to hold two magnets like this together with your fingers? They repel each other. This is called a dipole field with the sweet spot located in between the two magnets.  A tri-pole field involves four magnets, with the third pole as the sweet spot in between them

 It turns out a massive thunderstorm with two layers, one on top of the other could account for a whole lot of energy being focused on an area of space. This could account for the amount of power needed to create a small bubble of warped space. Aka, a naturally produced space warp bubble theorized by the Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre (discussed in Part I).  At least that’s how the hypothesis is looking.  But we’d need to test such a thing.

 WHAT DAVE DID

So Dave tests this idea where else? No, not by flying into a pair of thunderstorms, although he did fly out looking for them with Bruce.  Instead of trying to actually fly into them he went to his laboratory, which in this case is his garage.  With some help, he built two large dipole antennas to simulate two sets of tall clouds,  then set them next to each other, and then powered them up.  And instead of throwing objects into the sweet spot, (like kernels of popcorn or pieces of gravel), he shot a laser beam through the sweet spot.  He thought something might happen, but after all he was now trying to bend light through a place where there is no object large enough to do anything to it, other than dust particles in the air.  He didn’t know what might happen, if anything.  But when he turned the power on, he noticed the pattern of light on which the laser was focused changed into a fringe pattern.  When he turned it off, the fringe pattern went away.  It was faint, but noticeable…and perhaps measurable.  So he measured it.

 Like a good scientist, he turned it on again and off again and the same thing happened.  Then he fiddled with the equipment, broke some of it, cursed like a sailor, and then repaired it again.  The same thing happened.  Then he thought of what might happen if he turned up the power more.  But before doing that he thought it would be a good idea to protect himself just in case.  So he built a faraday cage designed to shield himself from any electromagnetic fields that might make him sick.  Then he started to notice a difference – a difference that was measurable.  Then he used the measurements to draw the shape of it.  After weeks of testing, he announced the discovery of (micro) space warp on May 20, 2013 and wrote up his findings, along with illustrations of the shape of this bubble, which looked like the core of an apple.  So he called it a warp core.

 HOUSTON, WE HAVE A PROBLEM

Dave quickly understood that although this was a clear demonstration of artificially induced space warp at low power levels capable of compressing space enough to influence near massless photons (light), this wouldn’t work very well to begin throwing kernels of corn into the sweet spot.  Not only was there not enough power, but maneuvering a craft by throwing it into a warp bubble and sending it violently hurtling into space was not very practical.  I have no idea if this is where the not-to-be-named-scientist is at right at this moment, because he has yet to build or test anything as far as we can tell, but it wouldn’t be surprising given the artist renderings of his spacecraft.

 WHAT DAVE DID THEN

Dave thought of scaling down these dipole antennas.  He sent a diagram off to a friend of his who poured molten metal into grooves on a small rectangular sheet of hard plastic, pasting each of them in metal strips or strands carved onto a plastic sheet, not unlike making a computer chip board.  The first one was about the size of the bottom of a stapler.  He would draw out a place for metal to be situated, using a configuration of (+) and (-) ends to simulate two diploles, and then run power through it.  The metal would be drawn out using fractals as a template.  When he had made two of them (each set as two sets of powered magnets), he placed them in a V so they could compress the fabric of space in front.

 I’ll regret using this metaphor, but imagine a Pac-Man figure.  One of these plates (that resemble a computer board) would be the top half of Pac-Man’s mouth, the second would be placed as the bottom half of Pac-Man’s open mouth.  The plates meet at the vertex in the center of the Pac-Man.  So it looks like a less-than sign (<).  Dave then started testing it and had to get the right angle by shooting the laser beam through the sweet spot, right near Pac-Man’s lips.  It still worked.  And so he tested it and re-tested it, again and again, breaking more equipment and blowing more capacitors, cursing like a sailor, then repairing and replacing the damage.  It still worked.  Artificially induced space warp can be produced by angling two dipole plates together, creating a tripole field forward of the set up of these two angled plates, now called a “fractal array.” 

 SIDEBAR

So instead of the magnetic field configuration in the diagram above, creating these two plates allowed Dave to set the field on it’s side in such a way it could potentially be mounted to the front of a craft.  So imagine this diagram with Plate #1 on the top, Plate #2 on the bottom.  You are facing down the throat of the fractal array – the open mouth of Pac-Man.

 (+) --------  (-)  (+)  --------- (-)

---------------- ?  ---------------------->>  LASER BEAM

(+) --------  (-)  (+)  --------- (-)

 Another series of tests involved hanging the thing on a horizontal wire and seeing if it could actually move just a bit.  It did, just a bit.  Not much to be noticeable, only a matter of millimeters over time, but it moved.

 HOUSTON, WE HAVE ANOTHER PROBLEM

Fine, well and dandy that we have space warp using a fractal array design that can be projected in and around this “warp motor”, but can this thing now, effectively, move itself?  Well, yes.  At these still low power levels it can, when faced down with the vertex pointing up, put vertical downward pressure on a scale.  (Imagine the joystick directed down with Pac-Man moving to the bottom of the video screen.)

 There wasn’t much pressure on the scale, but enough to be measurable when the power wass turned on vs off.  In the next test he layed the fractal array on its side and discovered that it can move horizontally, too, when hung in mid air along a wire.  But still, now we have just designed a warp motor that can only move one direction and then stop.  That would be nice for a Pac-Man, except we have no brakes and no way to turn him around.  I suppose we could just put another fractal array at the back of the craft to put on the brakes, or we could invert the field and use the same forward facing array to move the craft backwards.  That would allow Pac-Man to move forward and backward, up or down, but we still couldn’t turn in open space.  It’s not like open space is built of channels or hallways like the game of Pac-Man.  Not a very practical idea for a spacecraft.

 WHAT DAVE DID THEN

Here’s an idea.  Instead of one fractal array, how about two of them together, side by side?  If you power on the left one and leave the right one off, it should turn left.  And vice versa.  It worked.  It was hard to measure any degree of turn so one of the ideas was to place these “dual arrays” on a sled and try to float it on, say, an air hockey table.  Fortunately, the air hockey table my girls got for Christmas was by then no longer being used.  So it got donated for space warp research purposes.  The air hockey table didn’t help much – too much friction and inconsistent power to the blower motor, but it helped for a time to work out different ways the devices could be tested.  Two side-by-side warp motors could allow Pac-Man to turn left or right in open space.

 SIDEBAR

Dave is not going to like my descriptions of his experiments, but I have always tried to describe what he’s doing by using examples to which I can relate.  I use my examples and then check for understanding with him.  When I’m roughly correct, then I try to do more than edit press releases and anything published on his website he would like me to review.  I try to understand it first and only after I get a clue from him that I’m on the right track do I try to figure out how to communicate it using plain language, while preserving the necessary (technical) terminology.  Such is my role as communications and technical support on this project.

 FROM ACCIDENTAL TOURIST TO INTENTIONAL TOURIST

One might say the flight of Bruce Gernon made him an accidental tourist into the experience of space warp.  Accidental in that Gernon may have encountered space warp as a naturally occurring, though rare, phenomenon.  It is a very good thing that he survived this accident.  In Dave’s case I would call him an intentional tourist.  Dave listened to Gernon’s story and used his knowledge of physics and meteorology to try and figure out what happened to Gernon in this accident.  What makes Dave an intentional tourist is that he has taken his knowledge and tried to apply a hypothesis in the laboratory to test whether space warp can be produced on purpose, deliberately, safely (for now), in a way that could not only turn out to be a solution for space travel, but an energy and transportation solution that could be used right here at home.

 CONCLUSION TO PART II

At this stage in the research, plotting the power levels tested in the laboratory, Dave has good reason to believe he can outift a number of these < -shaped fractal arrays (warp motors) onto craft in such a way as to obtain full axial control.  All we need now is to scale the model up.  We need more power as it were.  We need larger arrays that can handle these power levels that can then outfit the already-built hull of a 7x7 aluminum craft known as Bluebird II (an unmanned aerial vehicle or UAV).  This costs money, and time.  Dave can find the time, even as he teaches 7 college classes each semester.  But the money needed to get this craft off the ground and preserve this endeavor as an independent project to be made public, it is hoped, will come from crowd funding through Indiegogo.  Speaking of making it public, I have one final question to end Part II:  Do you want to hear what the public thinks?  Look no further than Part III.

 PART III

 Questions asked at a UFO symposium are of two types.

  Type 1 is, “What do you think they (ufos/ETs) are?" This would be a legitimate type of question to a presenter except it is always preceded by lengthy commentary on the questioner's personal research and investigation; which makes the actual question, "What do you think about what I think they are?" or "What do you think of MY opinions on the matter?" Am I right?"

 Type 2 is preceded by a lengthy story related to an unusual experience that ends with, "So what do you think happened to me?" This type of question amounts to, "Please, wise one. You’re supposed to know.  Explain to me what occurred to me, what I saw, and how I should live my life henceforward."

 There is a type three and type four, but they aren't actually questions. They are lengthy, meandering, hodgepodges of tangential connections related to the commenter’s personal research into UFOs/ETs and/or conspiracy theories.  They are masking a concerted effort to tell the speaker what they should think (type 3) or where the presenter should go to find the really intriguing solution (type 4). 

 IT’S NO DIFFERENT WITH SPACE WARP

Professor Dave's recent interview on Coast to Coast am with George Noory relating his research and laboratory work on space warp was no different. Dave lays out in simple terms the concept of compressing the fabric of space and how it was confirmed by observation, just as Einstein predicted. (Starlight behind a large body, the sun I believe, can be observed.) You can't see behind something, but if it is a massive enough object, like the sun, the light from things behind the sun (stars) will get bent around it. This is called gravitational lensing. Gravity has the effect of creating a lens so you can see stuff behind very massive objects roaming around the cosmos.

 He explains how space can be compressed and then summarizes, as briefly as Dave can, the series of experiments he designed around the idea of how space could be compressed in front of a craft in such a way that linear displacement occurs, but with low power levels, not the mass of a planet.

 Theoretically, a vast distance from point A to point B could be accomplished by compressing/folding space. A craft or person inside such a bubble of flat space would not move in any sense of velocity or acceleration. No. Space between points A and B would be scrunched like a slinky and the distance would be traversed with no movement by the craft itself. No wormhole, no disintegration, no time traveling, no thrust or propulsion is involved. Thus, no worry about being "spam in a can" should the direction of the compression move a craft within the at bubble 90 degree angles.

 OTHER MEDIA

Dave has relayed his research and laboratory work on space warp in interviews on the History Channel, National Geographic Channel, and the Thalassa TV series on French television.  Thalassa was the exception, which gave Dave a good, lengthy, unaltered medium to communicate the story of space warp and his findings.  The others were focused around strange mysteries surrounding the Bermuda Triangle.  Recently there was, on the science channel I believe, an exploration into space warp itself.  It featured the theoretical work of Miguel Alcubierre.  But it gave equal or more time to wormholes and left the viewer with very little to go on because of extraordinary power consumption needed to make it work.  Dave’s recent appearance on OpenMindsTV (July 28, 2014) was very good.  Unfortunately, given that the show features stories about UFOs and because there is an honest link to UFOs in Dave’s work and research, it might as well have been a woo-woo, fringe science featurette.

 Dave speaks to whoever will listen.  Dave will appear in any medium where his ideas can be presented.  The fact that there is a connection to UFOs (Dave is a field investigator for MUFON) and the Bermuda Triangle (the location where Bruce Gernon’s flight happened to take place) makes the subject of space warp ripe for dismissal.  Dave knows that.  That’s just the deal.  What would you do if you’ve made a revolutionary discovery of this kind?  You would probably write up your findings, get a patent to protect intellectual property, and do everything you could to get the word out so that the discovery does not become buried in a bureaucracy or “owned” by some large public or private body.  You would probably go on a late night radio talk show

 COAST 2 COAST A.M.  SEPTEMBER 23, 2014

After Dave gives us a technical, though understandable, overview of the technology being developed and its potential to solve not only our current energy problems but potentially meet the challenges of interstellar transportation, the questions from the Coast2Coast audience start coming in.  Here is an overview:

 - Is this time travel?

- How does this relate to extraterrestrial life forms?

- Is this what Bob Lazar was referring to?

- Is this anti-gravity?

- Is this what the Philadelphia experiment was all about?

- Are you sure you're not concerned about time displacement?

- You do realize the Higgs Boson gives matter its mass, right?

 Dave tries to clarify that he is not talking about time travel, he can offer no conclusions about ET life forms, this is not anti-gravity as Bob Lazar was talking about, he can't verify much of anything in the way of the Philadelphia experiment, and, again, this is not about accelerating the velocity of a massive object.  It's about compressing the fabric of space in front of a craft enabling it to traverse am equivalent velocity from point A to point B (linear displacement).  It's not about chemical or exotic propulsion systems.

 YET THE QUESTIONS KEEP COMING.

Dave had finished explaining that his warp motors produce no sound and nothing visible in front of them.  They are silent.  The next person describes their UFO experience - a disturbance of plasma - which has nothing to do with what Dave was describing.  Then George Noory jumps on the time travel bandwagon again.  Another person describes green flames coming out of the UFO they observed, along with thunderous noise.  Dave brings the first question back to the importance of the warp bubble being able to protect an occupant from sudden right angle turns in trajectory, thus avoiding the concern of being "spam in a can."  Dave brings the second question back by letting the caller know this story of green flames reminds him of other observations of what an EM Drive can do.  He shared that we found out much later that skeptics had dismissed the promising idea of an EM Drive long after it had been shown as a plausible method of propulsion, perhaps in a similar way that reception to his ideas of a warp motor have been met.

 Dave brings back the conversation, again and again, to the importance of privatizing space in such a way that innovative technologies do not become controlled by a single, entity, NASA or otherwise.  Nor should ownership of the ideas be held by a private corporation such as a wholly owned subsidiary of Haden Industries.  

 SIDEBAR

John Hurt played the role of S.R. Hadden the film Contact based on a book by Carl Sagan.  S.R. Hadden is the reclusive billionaire who finances Jodie Foster’s character’s SETI research in hopes of it paying off one day.  Trivia:  the S.R. Hadden character is based off Esarhaddon, King of Assyria, who rebuilt Babylon in his rise to power.  The quotation in the movie I am referring to above is from John Hurt’s character: “The first rule in government spending - why build one [machine] when you can have two at twice the price?  Only this one can be kept secret.  Controlled by Americans, built by Japanese subcontractors, who also happen to be recently acquired wholly-owned subsidiaries of Haden Industries.”

 Back to the interview.  Dave wants the concept of space warp to become public so that it can't be hidden.  One way he has chosen to do this is to get the information out to the public in any way he can, in media outlets who will listen to him.  He will fund the next stage of the project using Indiegogo crowd funding.  Is he worried about a big oil company buying him out?  “No.  It is not going to happen.”  He wants to protect intellectual property but is equally interested in the privatization of space in such a way elements such as Helium3 could be harvested from the moon economically.  This is reasonable if space warp predictions result in reducing the amount of money to lift 1lb of material into space from $10,000 to $10.  This would resolve conflicts on planet Earth, not sustain them in bureaucracies.

 One caller made an interesting comment about the flight of a bumblebee and how it is seemingly impossible for such a creature to be capable of sustained, let alone, hovering, flight.  Dave remarks about the hummingbird in the same way, but gently reminds the caller that these methods of flight require an atmosphere and use the compression of air, not space.  Another caller describes their experience and the conversation turns to astronaut Gordon Cooper and the photos that he sent off that were never seen again.

 NOW WE’RE GETTING SOMEWHERE

Progress seems to be made in the next call when the focus becomes on the pressures on pilots and other aviators to avoid making reports of anomalous sightings of objects.  If only there were not such an encumbrance and these aviators were freely able to make reports, then we could catalog these reports and, God forbid try to learn something from them.  He doesn't want the U.S. to reveal all its black OPS projects, but the nature of sightings and the need for folks to protect their livelihood by avoiding ridicule of reporting a UFO leaves us with but a few options.  These objects could be coming from anywhere...unless of course they're coming from right here at home.

 Unfortunately the next caller decides to posit that there is, indeed, the possibility that aliens could have this technology of bending space AND TIME, and therefore what seems like an instant could actually be an alien craft sitting there and observing us for three hours!  That's all well and good, has little to do with this stage of the experiments in Dave's self-funded garage laboratory, but he does say he has used "fetch formulas" to try and measure how far ahead of a craft a space warp bubble is projected. 

 THE UNAVOIDABLE SCI-FI CONNECTION

Dave takes a question about whether his craft looks like a Star Trek ship of any kind?  He answers by describing how inherent stability in a craft is given the most consideration in his work, not a bunch of computer controls, circuit boards and Majel Barrett voice interfaces that cause constant adjustments to be made independent of a pilot's control.  The more complex a machine, the more working parts tend to be unreliable.

 THE CONFUSED QUESTIONER

I listened to the next question with great interest.  It began describing the problems of space junk in earth orbit, so I thought, "Great!  I've always wondered about shielding and what happens in a space warp bubble to protect a craft from objects or micrometeroids."  Unfortunately, the caller launches into a tangent on the idea of worm holes and how THEY would be necessary solutions to the problem.  So what do you think of wormholes (wormholes, not space warp) as a solution to the space junk problem, Dave?  Now Dave has no opportunity to answer the obvious question about space warp navigating space junk.  He has to say, "Who knows?" about wormholes.  It's possible.  It was the design of the machine in Carl Sagan's contact that made use of this possibility.  Dave can only add that space warp shows more promise as a reasonable means of transit because its discovery was made using very low power levels, as compared to the amount of exotic energy needed to create a worm hole.

 A DIAMOND IN THE ROUGH OF CALLERS

The second to the last call seems to have come from an informed individual with previous experience at Raytheon working on a solar electric ION engine.  The caller speaks of a discovery they made that they can stack, back to back, Ion engines that have a cumulative effect, and could this idea work with your warp motors?  Yes!  In fact, Dave says, they have already conducted some experiments with warp motors in sequence, what he calls "warping the warp field."  This is a good idea.

 The final call is a good one, too.  The caller suggests going after some Bill Gates' grant money.  Dave answers that he has looked into this and the problem seems to be that Gates’ foundation is not about funding technology per se.  Funding for experimental technology comes from crowd funding these days which tends toward consumer products like aerial drones for your own photography at events, cat ear headphones, or an intelligent yoga mat. Bill Gates might be interested in world poverty and alternative energy that can easily be installed in third-world countries, but transportation like space warp that could actually solve these problems would do so at least three or four steps removed.  Alas, in Dave’s case, he can't offer people a beta-tested consumer product to incentivize their investment.  He can’t offer an actual warp motor.  All he can offer are novelty items like t-shirts, coffee mugs, embroidered arm patches and, best of all, getting your name emblazoned upon the experimental Bluebird II UAV when we finally have liftoff.

 CONCLUSION

I have tried to lay out a fairly clear and readable summary of space warp research being conducted by primary investigator Dave Pares of Space Warp Dynamics, LLC.  I have written this as a “call to action” of sorts for readers to consider making a contribution to the Indiegogo crowd funding venture.  In every way this is a venture, an ad-venture into the future of space exploration, but at the same time it is also an opportunity for you to be directly involved in getting the first prototype of the Bluebird II UAV literally “off the ground.”  In the first promotional video for Space Warp Dynamics I said that once this happens, the sky is literally the limit.  There is no limit to the sky as far as we know. 

 Now. Are there any questions?  :-)